All blog posts
Welcome to Top Referral Code, a blog by Anisur Rahaman from Medinipur, West Bengal. Explore exclusive referral codes, practical insights on hybrid corn cultivation, and the latest in bridge production technology. Your go-to resource for savings, farming tips, and innovative ideas!
Effectiveness and Recommended Doses of Pesticides and Disease Control Agents
April 3, 2025 | by Organic farmer
Weed Management in Crops: Integrated Control Strategies
April 3, 2025 | by Organic farmer
Micronutrient Deficiency Symptoms and Safe Pest Control in Crops
April 3, 2025 | by Organic farmer
Crop Pests and Diseases: Integrated Control Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture
April 3, 2025 | by Organic farmer
Beneficial Insects and Integrated Pest Management: A Sustainable Path to Crop Protection
April 3, 2025 | by Organic farmer
Integrated Crop Protection: A Sustainable Approach to Modern Agriculture
April 3, 2025 | by Organic farmer
Fertilizer Recommendations Based on Soil Testing: A Comprehensive Guide for Farmers
April 2, 2025 | by Organic farmer
Determining Fertilizer Quantities for Crops: A Comprehensive Guide
April 2, 2025 | by Organic farmer
Harnessing Biofertilizers: A Sustainable Approach to Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity
April 2, 2025 | by Organic farmer
Organic Fertilizers: Enhancing Soil Health and Crop Productivity
April 2, 2025 | by Organic farmer
Introduction: Precision in Crop Protection
Crop protection is a cornerstone of modern agriculture, ensuring healthy yields in the face of pests and diseases. Pesticides and disease control agents—both biological and chemical—play a vital role in this battle, but their effectiveness hinges on proper selection and application. From neem-based bio-pesticides to advanced synthetic insecticides, each product has a specific purpose and dosage. Misuse can lead to resistance, environmental harm, or crop damage, while precise use maximizes benefits. This article explores the effectiveness of various biological and chemical control agents, their recommended doses, and practical tips for sustainable farming.
Biological Control Agents: Harnessing Nature’s Power
Biological pesticides and disease control agents use living organisms or plant-derived compounds to target pests and pathogens. These eco-friendly options reduce chemical dependency and support biodiversity. Below is a detailed table of key bio-pesticides and their applications:
| Technical Name | Type | Trade Name | Dose | Target |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azadirachtin 1% EC (10,000 ppm) | Neem-based Insecticide | Nimarin, Altinim, Nimacin | 2-3 ml/L water | General pests |
| Azadirachtin 5% EC (50,000 ppm) | Neem-based Insecticide | Nimazol F | 0.5 ml/L water | General pests |
| Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) | Bacterial Insecticide | Hil-Bt, Dipel-8L | 1 ml or g/L water | Caterpillars, larvae |
| NPV (Helicoverpa) | Viral Insecticide | Helicid, Heli-NPV | 1 ml/L water | Helicoverpa larvae |
| NPV (Spodoptera) | Viral Insecticide | Spodocid, Spodo-NPV | 1 ml/L water | Spodoptera larvae |
| Metarhizium anisopliae | Fungal Insecticide | Biomet | 5 ml/L water | Soil pests, beetles |
| Verticillium lecanii | Fungal Insecticide | Biolin | 2 ml/L water | Whiteflies, aphids |
| Beauveria bassiana | Fungal Insecticide | Larvosel, Dispel | 2 ml/L water | Soft-bodied pests |
| Trichoderma viride | Fungal Fungicide | Ecoderma, Tricostar | 4-5 g/kg (seed treatment) | Soil-borne fungi |
| Trichoderma harzianum | Fungal Fungicide | Niprot | 4-5 g/kg (seed treatment) | Root rot, damping-off |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | Bacterial Fungicide | Biocior, Bioshield | 4-5 g/kg (seed treatment) | Bacterial and fungal diseases |
| Trichogramma japonicum | Parasitic Insecticide | Tricocard | 7000-14,000 eggs/bigha | Stem borers, leaf rollers |
| Trichogramma chilonis | Parasitic Insecticide | Tricocard, Biograma | 7000-14,000 eggs/bigha | Lepidopteran pests |
| Trichogramma pretiosum | Parasitic Insecticide | Tricocard | 7000-14,000 eggs/bigha | Moth eggs |
| Chrysoperla carnea | Predatory Insecticide | Bioperla | 1000/bigha | Aphids, whiteflies |
| Telenomus remus | Parasitic Insecticide | – | 7000/bigha | Spodoptera eggs |
| Cotesia plutellae | Parasitic Insecticide | – | 700/bigha | Diamondback moth |
| Goniozus nephantidis | Parasitic Insecticide | – | 700/bigha | Coconut pests |
| Bracon hebetor | Parasitic Insecticide | – | 700/bigha | Stored grain pests |
| Coccinella septempunctata | Predatory Insecticide | – | 700/bigha | Aphids, scale insects |
Pheromone Traps:
- Helicoverpa Lure: Helilure (2-3 traps/bigha) – Bollworms.
- Spodoptera Lure: Spodolure (2-3 traps/bigha) – Tobacco caterpillars.
- Scirpophaga Lure: Scirpolure (2-3 traps/bigha) – Rice stem borers.
- Leucinodes Lure: Lucilure (2-3 traps/bigha) – Brinjal shoot/fruit borers.
- Plutella Lure: Biolure (P.X.) (2-3 traps/bigha) – Diamondback moth.
- Earias Lure: Biolure (E.V.) (2-3 traps/bigha) – Okra/cotton bollworms.
- Pectinophora Lure: Biolure (P.G.) (2-3 traps/bigha) – Pink bollworms.
Benefits: Biological agents are safe for beneficial insects, reduce pesticide residues, and support organic farming.
Chemical Pesticides: Traditional Water-Soluble Options
Chemical insecticides offer quick, broad-spectrum control. These conventional options target pests through contact, ingestion, or systemic action. Here’s a table of water-soluble chemical pesticides:
| Technical Name | Mode of Action | Trade Name | Dose per Liter | Target Pests |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phosalone 35% EC | Contact, Stomach | Zolon, Volton | 1.5 ml | Caterpillars |
| Triazophos 40% EC | Contact, Stomach | Hostathion, Triphos | 1 ml | Caterpillars, sap-suckers |
| Triazophos 20% EC | Contact, Stomach | Trelka, Zane | 2 ml | Same as above |
| Chlorpyrifos 20% EC | Contact, Stomach | Dursban, Dermet | 2.5 ml | Caterpillars, sap-suckers, soil pests |
| Diazinon 20% EC | Contact, Stomach | Basudin, Suzon | 2.5 ml | Caterpillars |
| Lindane 6.5% WP | Contact, Stomach | Termahit, Lindane | 5 g | Weevils, cutworms |
| Carbosulfan 25% EC | Contact | Marshal, Atank | 2 ml | Caterpillars, sap-suckers |
| Profenofos 50% EC | Contact, Stomach | Carina, Curacron | 1 ml | Sap-suckers, caterpillars, mites |
| Fipronil 5% EC | Contact, Stomach | Regent, Argent | 1 ml | Sap-suckers, caterpillars |
| Carbaryl 50% WDP | Contact, Stomach | Sevin, Anuvin | 2.5 g | Caterpillars, fruit flies |
| Fenitrothion 50% EC | Contact, Stomach | Folithion, Hiton | 1.5 ml | Caterpillars |
| Malathion 50% EC | Contact, Stomach | Cythion, Hilmalathion | 2 ml | Caterpillars, fruit flies |
| Fenobucarb 50% EC | Contact, Stomach | Bipvin, Marlin | 1 ml | Sap-suckers |
| Thiodicarb 75% EC | Contact, Stomach | Larvin | 1 g | Caterpillars |
| Dichlorvos 76% EC | Contact, Stomach | Nuvan, Vapona | 0.75 ml | Sap-suckers, caterpillars |
| Fenthion 82.5% EC | Contact, Stomach | Lebaycid | 1 ml | Same as above |
| Quinalphos 25% EC | Contact, Systemic | Ekalux, Flash | 2 ml | Caterpillars, cutworms |
| Dimethoate 30% EC | Contact, Stomach, Systemic | Rogor, Tara-909 | 2 ml | Sap-suckers |
| Formothion 25% EC | Contact, Systemic | Anthio | 2 ml | Sap-suckers, mites |
| Oxydemeton Methyl 25% EC | Contact, Systemic | Metasystox, Himox | 2 ml | Sap-suckers, caterpillars |
| Acephate 75% WP | Contact, Systemic | Starthene, Lucid | 0.75 g | Sap-suckers, caterpillars, flies |
| Cartap Hydrochloride 50% SP | Contact, Stomach, Systemic | Padan, Beacon | 1 g | Caterpillars, sap-suckers |
Modern Water-Soluble Insecticides: New-Generation Solutions
Newer insecticides offer enhanced specificity and lower doses. Here’s a table of modern options:
| Technical Name | Mode of Action | Trade Name | Dose per Liter | Target Pests |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bifenthrin 10% EC | Contact, Stomach | Talstar, Marker | 1.5 ml | Caterpillars, borers |
| Lufenuron 48% EC | Growth Inhibitor | Lufenuron, Match | 1.5 ml | Caterpillars, borers, DBM |
| Imidacloprid 17.8% SL | Systemic | Confidor, Tatamida | 0.2 ml | Sap-suckers |
| Imidacloprid 70% WDG | Systemic | Admire, Gaucho | 0.2 ml | Sap-suckers |
| Acetamiprid 20% SL | Systemic | Pride, Win | 0.1 g | Sap-suckers |
| Thiamethoxam 25% WG | Systemic | Actara, Anant | 0.2 g | Caterpillars, DBM, borers |
| Indoxacarb 14.5% SC | Systemic, Contact | Avant, Fego | 1 ml | Same as above |
| Spinosad 45% SC | Growth Inhibitor | Tracer, Sprintar | 1 ml/4 L | Caterpillars, DBM, borers |
| Thiometon 25% EC | Systemic | Ekatin | 2 ml | Sap-suckers, mites |
| Novaluron 10% EC | Growth Inhibitor | Rimon | 1 ml | Caterpillars |
| Abamectin 1.9% EC | Stomach | Vertisec, ABC | 2 ml | Mites |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5% EC | Contact, Stomach | Kungfu, Riva | 0.75 ml | Caterpillars |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC | Contact, Stomach | Agent Plus, Karate | 0.30 ml | Caterpillars |
| Diafenthiuron 50% WP | Contact, Stomach | Pegasus | 1 g | Sap-suckers, mites |
| Clothianidin 50% WDG | Systemic | Dantop | 0.1 g | Sap-suckers |
| Chlorfenapyr 10% SC | Systemic, Contact | Intrepid | 2 ml | Caterpillars, sap-suckers |
| Emamectin Benzoate 10% SG | Stomach | Proclaim | 0.5 g | Caterpillars, borers |
| Flubendiamide 20% WDG | Systemic | Fame | 0.2 g | Caterpillars |
| Buprofezin 25% SC | Systemic | Applaud | 1.5 ml | Rice sap-suckers |
| Pyridalyl 10% EC | Contact, Systemic | Sumipreo | 0.5 ml | Borers |
| Thiacloprid 21.7% EC | Systemic | Calypso | 0.3 ml | Caterpillars |
| Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC | Contact, Stomach, Systemic | Coragen | 0.33 ml | Caterpillars, borers |
| Dinotefuran 20% SG | Contact, Stomach, Systemic | Token | 0.4 g | Sap-suckers |
| Flonicamid 50% WG | Systemic | Ulala | 0.2 g | Sap-suckers |
| Chromafenozide 80% WP | Stomach, IGR | Dodger | 0.5 g | Caterpillars |
Combination Insecticides: Synergistic Power
Combination products blend active ingredients for broader efficacy:
| Technical Name | Mode of Action | Trade Name | Dose per Liter | Target Pests |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethion + Cypermethrin 40%+5% EC | Contact, Stomach | Silcombi, Nagata | 1.5 ml | Caterpillars, mites |
| Profenofos + Cypermethrin 40%+4% EC | Contact, Stomach | Permit, Rocket | 1 ml | Caterpillars, mites |
| Quinalphos + Cypermethrin 20%+3% EC | Contact, Stomach | Prachanda, Virat | 1.5 ml | Caterpillars |
| Chlorpyrifos + Cypermethrin 50%+5% EC | Contact, Stomach | Nurelle-D, Anaconda | 1.5 ml | Caterpillars |
| Deltamethrin + Triazophos 1%+35% EC | Contact, Stomach | Dharkan, Spark | 1.5 ml | Caterpillars |
| Chlorpyrifos + Alphamethrin 16%+1% EC | Contact, Stomach | Alert, Ducord | 2 ml | Caterpillars |
| Pyriproxyfen + Fenpropathrin 15%+5% EC | Contact, Systemic | Sumiprimpt | 1 ml | Caterpillars |
| Deltamethrin + Buprofezin 5.76%+0.67% EC | Contact, Systemic | Dadeki | 2 ml | Caterpillars |
| Acephate + Fenvalerate 25%+3% EC | Contact, Stomach, Systemic | Divine, Miranda | 1 ml | Caterpillars |
| Ethiprole + Imidacloprid 80%+80% WG | Contact, Stomach, Systemic | Glamour | 0.33 g | Sap-suckers |
| Acephate + Imidacloprid 50%+1.8% SP | Contact, Stomach, Systemic | Lancer Gold | 2 ml | Bollworms, sap-suckers |
| Acephate + Cypermethrin 45%+5% DF | Contact, Stomach | Upsi | 1 ml | Caterpillars, sap-suckers |
Practical Tips for Application
- Timing: Apply bio-pesticides in the evening to avoid sunlight degradation.
- Safety: Wear protective gear and avoid eating or smoking during application.
- Mixing: Avoid combining incompatible chemicals (e.g., fungicides with insecticides).
- Rotation: Alternate products to prevent pest resistance.
Conclusion: Smarter Crop Protection
Choosing the right pesticide or disease control agent—and using it correctly—ensures effective pest management and healthy crops. Biological options like Trichogramma and neem offer sustainable solutions, while chemical and combination insecticides provide rapid control. Match the product to the pest, follow recommended doses, and prioritize safety. Start today: assess your fields, select the best tools, and protect your harvest sustainably.
For more insights, see our previous article on Weed Management in Crops: Integrated Control Strategies.